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Shigellosis, or Shigella infection caused by Shigella bacteria, is a disease that affects your digestive system. It produces stomach pain, diarrhea and fever in people who are infected. Shigella is very contagious. There are various types in the Shigella bacteria group.

Growth conditions: Temperature range: 10-40°C (50-104°F). Optimum Temperature: 37°C (98.6°F) pH range: Organisms do not survive below pH 4.5.

Shigella is found in the intestinal tract (bowels) of infected people and is shed in their feces (poop). People get shigellosis by putting anything in their mouth that has touched infected feces or by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the bacteria.

Clinical Presentation Shigellosis has two basic clinical presentations: (1) watery diarrhea associated with vomiting and mild to moderate dehydration, and (2) dysentery characterized by a small volume of bloody, mucoid stools, and abdominal pain (cramps and tenesmus) (Table 22-1).

Shigellosis is a form of bacterial diarrhea caused by gram-negative bacteria Shigella species. It is common in developing countries and results from contaminated food, poor sanitation conditions, or direct person to person contact. Shigella can cause infection in all age groups.

The characteristics of Shigella are summarized as follows: Gram-negative rods; negative for H2S, urease, glucose (gas), motility, lysine decarboxylase, sucrose, adonitol, inositol, lactose (2 days), KCN, malonate, citrate, and salicin; positive for methyl red.

Between 35,000 and 270,000 years ago, the Shigella strains likely arose from multiple independent origins within E. coli following the acquisition of a large 230-kB virulence plasmid known as pINV, which encodes for a T3SS essential for host cell invasion (Lan et al., 2004).

Shigella is a gram-negative, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming rod. It has 4 serotypes: Serotype A: Shigella dysenteriae (12 serotypes) Serotype B: Shigella flexneri (6 serotypes)