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Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher, a British polymath, is widely regarded as the father of modern statistics. Born on 17 February 1890 in East Finchley, London, England, his extensive work in the fields of mathematics, statistics, biology, genetics, and academia, laid the foundations for modern statistical science.

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics The two major areas of statistics are known as descriptive statistics, which describes the properties of sample and population data, and inferential statistics, which uses those properties to test hypotheses and draw conclusions.

Statistics is the science deals with collection, classification, summarizing, organizing and interpretation of data to make inference and draw conclusions based on data. While statistic (as a singular) is a single measure of some attribute of a sample.

(a) Statistics are aggregate of facts (b) Statistics must be numerically expressed. (c) Statistics are collected for a pre-defined purpose (d) Statistics should be collected in a systematic manner. (e) Statistics are placed in relation to each other.

Descriptive statistics is used to summarize and describe data, while inferential statistics is used to make inferences and predictions about a population based on a sample of data.

A statistic is the descriptor of a set of sample data. Statistics is the broader concept of the process of designing, comparing, interpreting, and analyzing data.

We begin by introducing two general types of statistics: Descriptive statistics: statistics that summarize observations. Inferential statistics: statistics used to interpret the meaning of descriptive statistics.