Spread Out Break Log For Free

CDC investigates each multistate foodborne outbreak thoroughly using a 7-step process. The steps are described in order, but investigations are dynamic and several steps may happen at the same time.

There are two main study designs used for outbreak investigations: retrospective cohort studies and case-control studies.

The critical number or density of susceptible hosts required for an epidemic to occur. The epidemic threshold is used to confirm the emergence of an epidemic so as to stepup. appropriate control measures. Epidemic threshold is widely used to assess the minimal level of vaccination coverage.

In the past 20 years, the Region has witnessed a marked increase in the number of outbreaks and pandemics caused by emerging and re-emerging diseases, such as Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever, chikungunya, cholera, dengue, A/H5N1 influenza, pandemic A/H1N1 (2009) and Rift Valley fever, among others.

Identify investigation team and resources. Establish existence of an outbreak. Verify the diagnosis. Construct case definition. Find cases systematically and develop line listing. Perform descriptive epidemiology/develop hypotheses. Evaluate hypotheses/perform additional studies as necessary. Implement control measures.

Although the steps are listed sequentially, they may occur simultaneously. Verify the diagnosis and confirm the outbreak. ... Define a case and conduct case finding. ... Tabulate and orient data: time, place, person. ... Take immediate control measures. ... Formulate and test hypothesis. ... Plan and execute additional studies.

To determine if there is an outbreak, the current number of new cases (incidence) can be compared with past levels of the same disease over a similar time period (base line level). If the number is unusually large or unexpected for the given place and time, an outbreak may be occurring.