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Hence, there are 10,000 possible 4-digit zip codes if there are no restrictions on the digits used.

The extra 4 digits on ZIP Codes identify segments of fluid postal delivery routes. They're not permanent lines, so a 9 digits ZIP Code can change regularly. Five-digit ZIP Codes also change, but they do so infrequently; it's less likely that you will live in a ZIP Code when it changes.

Census tracts aim to have about 4000 people in them, (zip codes average 8000 people, but vary greatly). Block groups are smaller and have ~1500 people each. Census blocks are the smallest division, about 40 blocks per group, but unlike census tracts they are highly variable (in terms of statistical demographics).

Sensitive personally identifiable information can include your full name, Social Security Number, driver's license, financial information, and medical records. Non-sensitive personally identifiable information is easily accessible from public sources and can include your zip code, race, gender, and date of birth.

What is the four-digit extension? It represents a specific delivery route within that overall delivery area. For PO boxes, the four-digit extension usually includes the PO box number. Including the last four digits means mailings will arrive to their intended destination faster, as well as discounts on bulk mailings.

So what do the extra numbers mean? These last 4 digits represent specific delivery routes within delivery areas. This extra detail means an even more precise matching to a more granular level. It could represent a handful of houses on one side of a street, or even a single building that receives a high volume of mail.

Unknown, empty, or otherwise invalid integers are represented by 0. Zip codes will require leading zeros to correctly format 5-digit and zip-plus-4 codes. Zip-plus-4 notation using a plus-4 of all zeros (-0000) is not valid - use the 5-digit instead.