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Total settlement refers to the overall change in vertical distance. Differential settlement involves an expected amount that the total settlement will vary between points over a horizontal distance, which can be caused by variations in the foundation soil profile and wall height over a certain distance.

To calculate the settlement fractions, the mean constant stresses ?konst,i are determined for all i lamellas. The total settlement is equal to the sum of the partial settlements of all lamellas. An example with 6 lamellas is shown below.

Elastic settlement calculation using displacement influence factors has the general form (Poulos and Davis, 1974):(1) ? = q B E s I where ? is the foundation settlement; q is the applied stress; B means the foundation width; Es stands for the equivalent elastic soil modulus; and I is the displacement influence factor.

The general formula most insurers use to measure settlement worth is the following: (Special damages x multiplier reflecting general damages) + lost wages = settlement amount.

Therefore, to determine the settlements, it is necessary to know: the course of vertical stresses ?z with depth. The settlement-generating base stress ?1 = ?0 - ? ? h must be used, taking into consideration the stress reduction by the excavation unloading for the embedment depth of the foundations.

Differential Settlement Calculation - Inputs First the designer must input the geometrical properties of the proposed foundation. This includes the foundation length and width. These parameters are used to determine Bowles' Depth Factor which the spreadsheet calculates automatically.

H = Thickness of the field consolidating stratum at the end of primary consolidation. Commonly initial thickness is used unless the primary consolidation is very large. Say more than 10% of initial thickness. t2 = t100 (f) + ?t = time for which secondary settlement is to be calculated.