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Use quotation marks only when quoting someone's exact words, either spoken or written. This is called a direct quotation. "I prefer my cherries chocolate covered," joked Alyssa. Jackie kept repeating, "Good dog, good dog!"

In-text citations include the last name of the author followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. "Here's a direct quote" (Smith 8). If the author's name is not given, then use the first word or words of the title. Follow the same formatting that was used in the Works Cited list, such as quotation marks.

Do not place in quotation marks: names of newspapers, magazines, central texts of a religion (Bible, Koran), dictionaries, handbooks and reference books.

In the United States, the rule of thumb is that commas and periods always go inside the quotation marks, and colons and semicolons (dashes as well) go outside: There was a storm last night, Paul said. Peter, however, didn't believe him.

Introduce the quote using your own words followed by : a colon if you have written a complete sentence or a comma if you use a phrase such as 'according to' along with the authors name. End the quote with a fullstop and the footnote number.

Leave a blank line before and after the quote and indent the whole quote from the left margin. Do not add quotation marks. Introduce the quote using your own words followed by : a colon if you have written a complete sentence or a comma if you use a phrase such as 'according to' along with the authors name.

In a parenthetical citation, you place all the information in parentheses after the quote. In a narrative citation, you name the author in your sentence (followed by the year), and place the page number after the quote.