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Equations are centered on the page and labeled with Arabic numerals, right-aligned, in parentheses, and referred to only by those numbers in the text ? e.g., you should always say ?as seen in (3)? rather than ?as seen in Equation (3)?.

All equations referred to in the text must be numbered, although not all displayed equations must be numbered. As in numbering figures and tables, a double numbering system is used for equations; for example, Equation 2.1, where 2 is the chapter, and 1 is the first numbered equation in that chapter.

If it is the first word in a sentence, capitalize it, i.e., Eq. (3). It is also pretty normal to refer to an equation in the text with only its number within parentheses, like ?(3)?. In this case, if it is the first word in the sentence, spell out ?Equation? before the number, like ?Equation (3)?.

Mathematical equation Author. Year of publication (in round brackets). Title of article (in single quotation marks). Title of journal (in italics ? capitalise first letter of each word in title, except for linking words such as and, of, the, for). Volume, issue, page numbers. Available at: URL (or doi if available).

Equations should be referenced within the text as "Eq. (x)." When the reference to an equation begins a sentence, it should be spelled out, e.g., "Equation (x)." Formulas and equations should be created to clearly distinguish capital letters from lowercase letters.

Equations are centered on the page and labeled with Arabic numerals, right-aligned, in parentheses, and referred to only by those numbers in the text ? e.g., you should always say ?as seen in (3)? rather than ?as seen in Equation (3)?.

For proper formatting, keep the equation left-aligned; indent by a half-inch; and after the equation, enter the relevant reference number, enclosed in parentheses, close to the right-hand margin. Use the tab key to achieve proper alignment.