Interactive Footnote Record For Free

Footnotes should be numbered consecutively in the order they appear throughout your paper. Each note should have a unique number; don't use the same number again even if you cite the same source repeatedly. Footnote numbers are usually placed at the end of the relevant clause or sentence.

Subsequent footnotes from the same item can be shortened to the author or author and title. Use the same rules for footnotes for online sources. Use a shortened form for the second footnote. Include the name of the database, the date you viewed it, and the URL.

Notes consist of one numbered list, do not restart numbering on each page or try to "reuse" a footnote number when citing a source more than once throughout the paper. Footnotes/endnotes are double spaced, and the first line only is indented from the left margin.

If you refer to the same source again in your paper, you do not need to repeat the same full citation. Instead, you provide a shortened version of the footnote, which includes enough information for the reader to find the full citation in your bibliography or in an earlier footnote.

To cite the same source and page number as you just cited, write ?Ibid.? on its own. When you are citing the same source, but different page numbers, write ?Ibid.? followed by a comma and the relevant page number(s). Ibid.

When you cite a source for the second time in a footnote or endnote. If the footnote or endnote contains multiple sources, you need to reintroduce a source when it's listed a second time following a different source. For a subsequent, consecutive citation after this reintroduction, you may use ibid. again.

The abbreviation ibid (meaning 'in the same place') can be used to repeat a citation in the immediately preceding footnote. Never italicize or capitalise ibid. In the above example, ibid is followed by a page number (6), which means 'in the same work, but this time on page 6'.