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The main applications of public key cryptography are considered are Digital Signature and Data Encryption. The encryption application provides the confidentiality and integrity security services for the data. The public key maintains the security services such as authentication and non-repudiation.

Two of the most important applications of public-key encryption are digital signatures and key management. Symmetric encryption is used primarily to provide confidentiality. An important element in many computer security services and applications is the use of cyptographic algorithms.

A public key is an encryption method that uses a pair of private and public keys to secure data communication. First, the public key encrypts the plain text, converting it into ciphertext, then the private key is used for decrypting the converted ciphertext so the recipient can read the message.

To validate the integrity of the data, the receiving software first uses the signer's public key to decrypt the hash. It then uses the same hashing algorithm that generated the original hash to generate a new one-way hash of the same data.

In broad terms, we can classify the use of public-key cryptosystems into three categories: digital signature, symmetric key distribution, and encryption of secret keys.

Public key cryptography involves a pair of keys known as a public key and a private key (a public key pair), which are associated with an entity that needs to authenticate its identity electronically or to sign or encrypt data. Each public key is published and the corresponding private key is kept secret.

A public key is also used to encrypt a message or check the legitimacy of a digital signature. It is accompanied by a corresponding private key, which is known only to its owner. Private keys are used to decrypt messages that were created with the corresponding public key or to create signatures.