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You can use the COLLATE clause to apply a character expression to a certain collation. Character literals and variables are assigned the default collation of the current database. Column references are assigned the definition collation of the column.

You can specify collations for each character string column using the COLLATE clause of the CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statement. You can also specify a collation when you create a table using SQL Server Management Studio. If you do not specify a collation, the column is assigned the default collation of the database.

A collation is a set of rules that defines how to compare and sort character strings.

However here are the settings we typically recommend: Set the default collation to SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS. Ensure that you have SQL Server running in Case Insensitive mode. We use NCHAR, NVARCHAR string types so all data is unicode, so no character set is specified.

A collation is a configuration setting that determines how the database engine should treat character data at the server, database, or column level.

Common collation names either end in BIN or CIAS such as Latin1GeneralBIN or SQLLatin1GeneralCIAS. The BIN means that this is a binary sort order where strings will be sorted using a computer binary order, the result is that A-Z are before a-z and things like accented characters will be at the end.

The SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS collation is a SQL collation and the rules around sorting data for unicode and non-unicode data are different. The Latin1GeneralCIAS collation is a Windows collation and the rules around sorting unicode and non-unicode data are the same.