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It is best to use character set utf8mb4 with the collation utf8mb4_unicode_ci . The character set, utf8 , only supports a small amount of UTF-8 code points, about 6% of possible characters. utf8 only supports the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP).

You can specify collations for each character string column using the COLLATE clause of the CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statement. You can also specify a collation when you create a table using SQL Server Management Studio. If you do not specify a collation, the column is assigned the default collation of the database.

The collate clause is used for case sensitive and case insensitive searches in the columns of the SQL server. There are two types of collate clause present: SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS for case sensitive. SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS for case insensitive.

The COLLATE is a column collation casting keyword which is operation generally known as collate SQL. COLLATE can also be used with the column name and input character string. A common use of the query level collation (collate SQL) is to compare case-sensitive strings.

You can use the COLLATE clause of the CREATE DATABASE or ALTER DATABASE statement to specify the default collation of the database. You can also specify a collation when you create a database using SQL Server Management Studio.

In database systems, Collation specifies how data is sorted and compared in a database. Collation provides the sorting rules, case, and accent sensitivity properties for the data in the database.Collation is also used to determine how accents are treated, as well as character width and Japanese kana characters.

A collation is a configuration setting that determines how the database engine should treat character data at the server, database, or column level.For example, European languages require only a single-byte character set, which supports up to 256 bit patterns.