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If you do not specify a collation, the column is assigned the default collation of the database. You can also use the databasedefault option in the COLLATE clause to specify that a column in a temporary table use the collation default of the current user database for the connection instead of tempdb.

SQL Server collation refers to a set of character and character encoding rules, and influences how information is stored according to the order in the data page, how data is matched by comparing two columns, and how information is arranged in the T-SQL query statement.

According the SQL Server Books Online, the characters included in range searches depend on the sorting rules of the collation. Collation Latin1GeneralCSAS uses dictionary order so both upper and lower case characters of the specified range are included.

SQL Server collation refers to a set of character and character encoding rules, and influences how information is stored according to the order in the data page, how data is matched by comparing two columns, and how information is arranged in the T-SQL query statement.

If we apply a case sensitive clause to a column, then for example, 'a' and 'A', will be different. But in the case of case insensitive, irrespective of any character or string, it will work. By default, the collate clause will take SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS (case insensitive).

Collations in SQL Server provide sorting rules, case, and accent sensitivity properties for your data. Collations that are used with character data types, such as char and varchar, dictate the code page and corresponding characters that can be represented for that data type.

You can use the COLLATE clause to apply a character expression to a certain collation. Character literals and variables are assigned the default collation of the current database. Column references are assigned the definition collation of the column.