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The difference between compiler and assembler is that a compiler is used to convert high-level programming language code into machine language code. On the other hand, an assembler converts assembly level language code into machine language code. Both these terms are relevant in context to program execution.

Linking and loading are two instruments that play a pivotal role in program execution. Linking intends to generate an executable module of a program by combining the object codes generated by the assembler. A loader, on the other hand, loads these executable modules to the main memory for execution.

Dynamic loading means loading the library (or any other binary for that matter) into the memory during load or run-time. Dynamic linking refers to the linking that is done during load or run-time and not when the exe is created.

The compiler takes input data sets and libraries and produces various types of output, including object code, listings, and messages. The compiler also uses utility data sets during compilation.

Compilation, Linking and LoadingIn order to make a complete program, various separately compiled (and assembled) modules must be combined. This is done by the linker . Finally, the linked program is loaded into memory by the loader .

Linkage. The term program linkage or simply linkage encompasses all the techniques required to make separately assembled control sections work cooperatively. This includes transfers of execution between control sections as well as the communication of data between control sections or programs.

Loading a program involves reading the contents of the executable file containing the program instructions into memory, and then carrying out other required preparatory tasks to prepare the executable for running.