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After the comment period closes, the agency reviews all comments received and conducts a comment analysis. Then agencies decide whether to proceed with the rulemaking process or issue a new or modified proposal. In some cases they withdraw the proposal.

In general, agencies will specify a comment period ranging from 30 to 60 days in the ?Dates? section of the Federal Register document, but the time period can vary. For complex rulemakings, agencies may provide for longer time periods, such as 180 days or more.

Comment Period ? A comment period is the range of time the public has to submit input before an agency makes a final decision on a proposed rule. Federal agencies typically invite public comments on RFIs, ANPRMs, NPRMs, Direct Final Rules, and Interim Final Rules. In most cases, the comment period is 60 days.

In notice-and-comment rulemaking, an agency must first issue a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) and provide an opportunity for public comment on the proposal before it can issue a final rule. There are exceptions to the requirement for notice and comment.

Legal background The APA generally requires that, to become effective, a legislative rule must go through what is known as notice-and-comment rulemaking ? a lengthy process in which the public is given an opportunity to comment on a proposed version of the rule and the agency responds to the comments.

This can be simplified into 3 steps: Notice. The notice requirement is accomplished by publishing a ?Notice of Proposed Rulemaking? in the Federal Register. ... Comments and Consideration. ... Publication of Final Rule.

Notice and comment rulemaking provides important procedural protections to the public, allows agencies to apprise themselves of relevant issues and views, and promotes predictability. Notice and comment rulemaking procedures are required under the APA when substantive rules are promulgated, modified, or revoked.