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It also helps elucidate, refute, corroborate, or expand on results from different data sources to prevent bias. As a research employee, you may use this research technique to assess and evaluate research documents, understand their meanings, and develop the information it contains.

It is relatively cost-effective and rapid where data is readily available (e.g. via the internet). Documents offer specific and stable data, which is unaffected by the presence of researchers (with participant observation by contrast, project participants may behave differently when they know they are being observed).

Documents analyzed may include personal letters, diaries, official records, newspaper articles, photographs, and more. Sociologists, anthropologists, and political scientists use documentary analysis to understand social phenomena, cultural practices, political events, and more.

Document analysis is the process of reviewing or evaluating documents both printed and electronic in a methodical manner. The document analysis method, like many other qualitative methods, involves examining and interpreting data to uncover meaning, gain understanding, and come to a conclusion.

Reviewing existing documents helps you understand the history, philosophy, and operation of the program you are evaluating and the organization in which it operates. To determine if implementation of the program reflects program plans.

To conduct document analysis effectively, you can ask questions that help you determine the background of the document and how the resources can help you with your research. Researchers often ask questions about who, what, when, where and why when assessing information to gather important details.

Document analysis is useful for understanding policy content across time and geographies, documenting processes, triangulating with interviews and other sources of data, understanding how information and ideas are presented formally, and understanding issue framing, among other purposes.