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Stereo microscopes are used to determine basic class characteristics of fired bullets, bullet fragments and cartridge/shotshell cases. A comparison microscope is used for the examination of fired bullets, bullet fragments and cartridge/shotshell cases.

Forensic scientists are the people who analyze the evidence collected at the crime scene. Forensic scientists perform both a chemical and a physical analysis on the evidence that has been submitted.

The science of projectiles and firearms is defined as 'ballistics' and it can be divided into three distinct categories: internal, external and terminal.

The bullet as in projectile fired from a gun? No. The only way a projectile can be traced back to a particular firearm is if a recovered projectile is in a mostly intact condition. It can be slightly deformed at the tip, but the base and shank must be intact for microscopic comparison.

At the time of purchase, the code or serial number would be recorded along with the purchaser's information by a licensed dealer. Later, when a bullet or cartridge case is found at a crime scene, the bullet or spent cartridge could be quickly traced back to the purchaser.

Firearm examiners use the striations left on the fired bullet for their comparisons. If a gun is recovered in an investigation, a test round is fired from the gun. These bullets are then examined using a comparison microscope.

How is Ballistic Evidence Used in Court? Any bullets left at the scene of a crime are collected by investigators and analyzed by forensic ballistics experts. These analysts examine rifling in the spent bullet, which can help identify the firearmor at least the type of firearmused in the commission of the crime.