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The reference range is calculated by the following formulas: Reference Age = (Number of Age Groups + 1)/2. Reference Period = (Number of Periods + 1)/2. Reference Cohort = (Reference Period ? Reference Age + Number of Age Groups)

It is common in demography to split the population into three broad age groups: children and young adolescents (under 15 years old) the working-age population (15-64 years) and. the elderly population (65 years and older)

It is common in demography to split the population into three broad age groups: children and young adolescents (under 15 years old) the working-age population (15-64 years) and. the elderly population (65 years and older)

The age structure of a population is the distribution of people of various ages. It is a useful tool for social scientists, public health and health care experts, policy analysts, and policy-makers because it illustrates population trends like rates of births and deaths.

A population pyramid (age structure diagram) or "age-sex pyramid" is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically takes the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

Interpreting population pyramids A broad-based pyramid indicates that people in the younger age categories make up a relatively large proportion of the population, and a narrow or pointed top indicates that older people make up a relatively small proportion of the population.

The age structure of a population refers to the proportionate numbers of people in different age categories in a given population for a defined time. It is a natural characteristic of a population in a country or a region. The age structure is closely related to the birth rate, death rate and migration of a population.