Get Bilateral Donor Agencies And The Environment : Pest And Pesticide ... - Pdf Usaid

Bilateral and multilateral donors, like USAID and other providers of development assistance, share decades of development knowledge and expertise and provide billions of dollars to foster self-reliance in developing countries. The United States works with other partners to tackle the world's development challenges.

Why is integrated pest management (IPM) especially successful in developing countries? Developing countries usually ban the use of pesticides. High-input industrial farming is not feasible because farmers lack financial resources.

In tropical agricultural systems, where pesticides are increasingly expensive and pose risks to farmers and consumers, reduced use of pesticides through IPM has many economic and social as well as environmental advantages.

Possible explanations for the low diffusion rates of IPM are many, such as “a lack of local leadership,” “no supporting policy for IPM diffusion,” “insufficient training and technical support to farmers,” “farmers' low level of education and literacy,” “IPM too difficult to implement,” “powerful influence of pesticide ...

(In developing countries farmers still lose about half of their crop to pests, compared with 25-30% in developed countries.) IPM also allows them to buy fewer pesticides and reduced health risks to their employees. IPM also reduces the environmental and public health risks associated with the heavy use of pesticides.

Bilateral is simply a term that means “involving two parties, usually countries”. A bilateral donor refers to a government organization which gives direct assistance to a recipient country for development purposes.

On the other hand, the disadvantages to widespread pesticide use are significant. They include domestic animal contaminations and deaths, loss of natural antagonists to pests, pesticide resistance, Honeybee and pollination decline, losses to adjacent crops, fishery and bird losses, and contamination of groundwater.

Benefits of IPM Promotes sound structures and healthy plants. Promotes sustainable bio-based pest management alternatives. Reduces environmental risk associated with pest management by encouraging the adoption of more ecologically benign control tactics. Reduces the potential for air and ground water contamination.