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NESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT Many companies report profitability using pro forma earnings along with GAAP earnings. However, strong debate exists on the use of pro forma earnings reports. Proponents say that managers use such reports to help stockholders focus on the most salient details of the financial statements, while critics believe they are misused by managers to cast a positive light on undesirable financial results. The purpose of this exploratory study is to directly examine investo.
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Christensen FAQ
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Pro forma financial statements are financial reports based on hypothetical scenarios that utilise assumptions or financial projections. They are useful tools that business owners, investors, creditors, or decision-makers can use to examine different iterations of future events based on certain financial assumptions.
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This is why it is important for investors to distinguish between pro forma earnings and those reported using generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP enforces strict guidelines when companies report earnings, while pro forma figures are better thought of as hypothetical earnings. What It Means and How to Create Pro Forma Financial Statements investopedia.com https://.investopedia.com › terms › proforma investopedia.com https://.investopedia.com › terms › proforma
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In contrast, traditional financial statements show historical financial statements, while proforma financial statements, including income statements, show the future financial statements of start-ups.
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Inconsistency with GAAP This is because pro-forma earnings do not follow generally accepted accounting principles and are often unaudited. While most companies report pro-forma results in line with solid business ethics, the absence of an audit can make it difficult to verify pro-forma earnings. What Are Pro-Forma Earnings? - Small Business - Chron.com chron.com https://smallbusiness.chron.com › proforma-earnings-18... chron.com https://smallbusiness.chron.com › proforma-earnings-18...
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Pro forma, Latin for “as a matter of form” or “for the sake of form”, is a method of calculating financial results using certain projections or presumptions. Pro forma financials may not be GAAP compliant but can be issued to the public to highlight certain items for potential investors.
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While GAAP accounting covers the entirety of the accounting process from paying an invoice to creating financial statements, non-GAAP accounting is an adjustment to already existing numbers. GAAP vs. Non-GAAP: Everything You Need to Know | The Motley Fool fool.com https://.fool.com › investing › how-to-invest › stocks fool.com https://.fool.com › investing › how-to-invest › stocks
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There are three major pro forma statements: Pro forma income statements. Pro forma balance sheets. Pro forma cash flow statements.
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While actual financial statements show how a business has performed in the past, pro forma financial statements project how a business will perform using hypothetical scenarios. Pro forma Financial Statements - Datarails datarails.com https://.datarails.com › finance-glossary › pro-form... datarails.com https://.datarails.com › finance-glossary › pro-form...
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