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Which Hydroxy? Evidence For Species Differences In The ... - Dmd Aspetjournals
Get Which Hydroxy? Evidence For Species Differences In The ... - Dmd Aspetjournals
2/3133411 Printed in U.S.A. Which Hydroxy? Evidence for Species Differences in the Regioselectivity of Glucuronidation in Rat, Dog, and Human in Vitro Systems and Dog in Vivo Iain J. Martin,1 Richard J. Lewis, Michael A. Bernstein, Iain G. Beattie, Craig A. Martin,2 Robert J. Riley, and Brian Springthorpe Department of Physical and Metabolic Science (I.J.M., R.J.L., M.A.B., I.G.B., C.A.M., R.J.R.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (B.S.), AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, United King.
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UDPGA FAQ
Cats lack uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6 and UGT1A9, which glucuronidate acetaminophen and , respectively. Slower aspirin clearance results mainly from deficient glycine conjugation and not deficient glucuronidation.
Many factors affect the rate and pathway of metabolism of drugs, and the major influences can be sub-divided into internal (physiological and pathological) and external (exogenous) factors as indicated below: Internal: species, genetic (strain), sex, age, hormones, pregnancy, disease. External: diet, environment.
These data suggest that cats can readily glucuronidate salicylic acid, although the type of glucuronide formed is unclear (phenolic and acyl glucuronides are possible). This possibility is supported by in vitro studies that showed significant glucuronidation of salicylic acid by liver tissue slices from cats. Feline Drug Metabolism and Disposition - Veterinary Clinics Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice https://.vetsmall.theclinics.com › article › fulltext Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice https://.vetsmall.theclinics.com › article › fulltext
They also do not produce salivary amylase, the enzyme that is responsible for the initiation of carbohydrate digestion. Further along the digestive tract, cats have low activity of intestinal and pancreatic enzymes needed to break down carbohydrates in the small intestine. Cats Are Carnivores, Part 3: Carbohydrates catsonbroadwayhospital.com https://catsonbroadwayhospital.com › cats-are-carnivores... catsonbroadwayhospital.com https://catsonbroadwayhospital.com › cats-are-carnivores...
Phase I reactions involve formation of a new or modified functional group or cleavage (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis); these reactions are nonsynthetic. Phase II reactions involve conjugation with an endogenous substance (eg, glucuronic acid, sulfate, glycine); these reactions are synthetic.
Species differences in drug metabolism limit the value of preclinical in vivo studies. Such differences can be either of a quantitative (same metabolic route although at different relative rates) or qualitative (different metabolic routes, different metabolites formed) nature.
Metabolic enzyme deficiency can vary in severity and occurs when there is a lack, or deficiency, in the amount of enzymes needed to break down substances ingested by your cat. This condition is generally a genetic disorder that is inherited from generation to generation. Metabolic Enzyme Deficiency in Cats - Wag! wagwalking.com https://wagwalking.com › cat › condition › metabolic-en... wagwalking.com https://wagwalking.com › cat › condition › metabolic-en...
the drug-metabolizing enzymes vary from species to species and this in fact underlies the phenomenon of species differences in metabolism. The drug-metabolising characteristics of a species arise from a complex interplay of genetic, physiological and environmental factors.
Anecdotal evidence from the Feline Diabetes Message Board shows that cats metabolize noticeably faster than dogs or humans. Intervet acknowledges the faster metabolism of cats in their Australian Caninsulin presentation at the link below, as does this study of the absorption of R/Neutral, NPH/Isophane. Cats' faster metabolism | Diabetes in Pets - Fandom fandom.com https://petdiabetes.fandom.com › wiki › Cats'_faster_met... fandom.com https://petdiabetes.fandom.com › wiki › Cats'_faster_met...
Drug response can be impacted by several factors including diet, co-morbidities, age, weight, drug–drug interactions, sex, and genetics.
Cats lack uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6 and UGT1A9, which glucuronidate acetaminophen and , respectively. Slower aspirin clearance results mainly from deficient glycine conjugation and not deficient glucuronidation.
Many factors affect the rate and pathway of metabolism of drugs, and the major influences can be sub-divided into internal (physiological and pathological) and external (exogenous) factors as indicated below: Internal: species, genetic (strain), sex, age, hormones, pregnancy, disease. External: diet, environment.
These data suggest that cats can readily glucuronidate salicylic acid, although the type of glucuronide formed is unclear (phenolic and acyl glucuronides are possible). This possibility is supported by in vitro studies that showed significant glucuronidation of salicylic acid by liver tissue slices from cats. Feline Drug Metabolism and Disposition - Veterinary Clinics Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice https://.vetsmall.theclinics.com › article › fulltext Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice https://.vetsmall.theclinics.com › article › fulltext
They also do not produce salivary amylase, the enzyme that is responsible for the initiation of carbohydrate digestion. Further along the digestive tract, cats have low activity of intestinal and pancreatic enzymes needed to break down carbohydrates in the small intestine. Cats Are Carnivores, Part 3: Carbohydrates catsonbroadwayhospital.com https://catsonbroadwayhospital.com › cats-are-carnivores... catsonbroadwayhospital.com https://catsonbroadwayhospital.com › cats-are-carnivores...
Phase I reactions involve formation of a new or modified functional group or cleavage (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis); these reactions are nonsynthetic. Phase II reactions involve conjugation with an endogenous substance (eg, glucuronic acid, sulfate, glycine); these reactions are synthetic.
Species differences in drug metabolism limit the value of preclinical in vivo studies. Such differences can be either of a quantitative (same metabolic route although at different relative rates) or qualitative (different metabolic routes, different metabolites formed) nature.
Metabolic enzyme deficiency can vary in severity and occurs when there is a lack, or deficiency, in the amount of enzymes needed to break down substances ingested by your cat. This condition is generally a genetic disorder that is inherited from generation to generation. Metabolic Enzyme Deficiency in Cats - Wag! wagwalking.com https://wagwalking.com › cat › condition › metabolic-en... wagwalking.com https://wagwalking.com › cat › condition › metabolic-en...
the drug-metabolizing enzymes vary from species to species and this in fact underlies the phenomenon of species differences in metabolism. The drug-metabolising characteristics of a species arise from a complex interplay of genetic, physiological and environmental factors.
Anecdotal evidence from the Feline Diabetes Message Board shows that cats metabolize noticeably faster than dogs or humans. Intervet acknowledges the faster metabolism of cats in their Australian Caninsulin presentation at the link below, as does this study of the absorption of R/Neutral, NPH/Isophane. Cats' faster metabolism | Diabetes in Pets - Fandom fandom.com https://petdiabetes.fandom.com › wiki › Cats'_faster_met... fandom.com https://petdiabetes.fandom.com › wiki › Cats'_faster_met...
Drug response can be impacted by several factors including diet, co-morbidities, age, weight, drug–drug interactions, sex, and genetics.
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