Captive breeding, also known as captive propagation, is the process of plants or animals in controlled environments, such as wildlife reserves, zoos, botanic gardens, and other conservation facilities.

Zoos primarily deal with three aspects of conservation – practice, advocacy and research. Conservation practice entails captive breeding, species reintroduction programs, Species survival plans and the use of zoo revenue for conservation programs in the wild.

Captive breeding also potentially provides a method of increasing reproductive output beyond what would be possible in the wild. However, captive breeding can result in problems associated with inbreeding depression, removal of natural selection and adaptation to captive conditions.

NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) – carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules. It accepts and holds two high-energy electrons and a hydrogen to become NADPH.

Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where all species involved benefit from their interactions.

More species than ever before are facing increasing threats to their natural habitats. Zoos may be the only way to ensure the survival of these species. Collaborative breeding programmes help zoos around the world to manage vulnerable and endangered species by providing a 'safety net' population.

The easiest way to review new and past vocabulary words is with vocabulary games. Leading up to semester exams I periodically set up centers of vocabulary games and have students rotate through the stations to review past words.