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If the subsequent citation is in the footnote immediately following the full citation, you can use 'ibid'. Used alone, 'ibid' means 'in the very same place' ? in other words, the same source and the same page or paragraph as the preceding full citation.

Ibid is used when referring to the same source in the footnote immediately above. Ibid may be used after another ibid or after a supra. Supra is used when referring to the same source in a footnote that is not immediately above.

If you refer to the same source again in your paper, you do not need to repeat the same full citation. Instead, you provide a shortened version of the footnote, which includes enough information for the reader to find the full citation in your bibliography or in an earlier footnote.

Footnote or endnote numbers in the text should follow punctuation, and preferably be placed at the end of a sentence. When citing the source for a quotation, the number should be placed at the end of the quotation and not after the author's name if that appears first in the text.

Use of ibid. "Ibid." (the abbreviation for "ibidem", meaning "in the same place") refers to the work cited in the preceding footnote or to the preceding work within the same footnote.

Creating a note After a direct quote, a paraphrased idea, or a reference to a source of information, insert a superscript number. In Microsoft Word, this can be done by clicking Insert Footnote under the References tab in the ribbon. Insert the footnote superscript number after any punctuation.

To cite the same source and page number as you just cited, write ?Ibid.? on its own. When you are citing the same source, but different page numbers, write ?Ibid.? followed by a comma and the relevant page number(s). Ibid. Ibid., 36.