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The Senate is composed of 100 Senators, 2 for each state. Until the ratification of the 17th Amendment in 1913, Senators were chosen by state legislatures, not by popular vote.Senators' terms are staggered so that about one-third of the Senate is up for reelection every two years.

If the bill passes by simple majority (218 of 435), the bill moves to the Senate. In the Senate, the bill is assigned to another committee and, if released, debated and voted on. Again, a simple majority (51 of 100) passes the bill.

"The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided" (U.S. Constitution, Article I, section 3). Since 1789, 283 tie-breaking votes have been cast.

The Presiding Officer has no authority to count to see if a quorum is present when a Senator suggests the absence of a quorum unless the Senate is operating under cloture; the rules provide that once a Senator makes a point of no quorum, "the Presiding Officer shall forthwith direct the Secretary to call the roll" and

The Quorum Requirement and Quorum Calls A straightforward reading of the Constitution's quorum requirement would seem to require a simple majority of Senators, or a minimum of 51 if there are no vacancies in the body, to be present on the floor whenever the Senate conducts business.

Actions effected by the committee are usually to take the form of a resolution. Resolutions may be proposed by a member or adviser, or by an individual from outside the committee with the support of a member or adviser. A resolution will be considered adopted once a majority of members has voted in favour.

A resolution is a formal decision passed by the association in accordance with its constitution, usually made at a general meeting or in a postal ballot or an electronic ballot.Most decisions at a general meeting are made by ordinary resolution.